Stakeholders in Health Reform Free Essays

When talking about healthcare reform, one must always think about the stakeholders. Stakeholders are â€Å"people and organizations that have a stake (interest) in what a healthcare organization does and that could affect the healthcare organization† (Olden, 2011). There are many different stakeholders in our case study but we will focus on the main ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholders in Health Reform or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Health Care Reform Act had a considerable impact on hospitals and the health care system. Most community health centers were benefiting from coverage expansions and safety net hospitals were struggling financially due to the fact that the state put more funding towards insurance subsidies to expand coverage. Academic medical centers (AMC) were able to command higher prices and attract more patients from community hospitals due to the fact that policy makers kept putting off making decisions about slowing the growth of healthcare spending. AMCs â€Å"received the highest payment levels and were able to negotiate the largest percentage increases, which increased the spending trends and widened the disparities between have and have-not providers in the market. † The more prestigious, big name hospitals had more power and thus could exercise more leverage. AMCs also expanded to the suburbs, which posed a considerable amount of threat to community hospitals by â€Å"raising the rates paid for services delivered in community settings and by increasing the number of referrals to downtown AMCs, which command the highest rates. Physician/ providers who owned free-standing, ambulatory centers had been approaching hospitals with offers to sell their facilities due to the fact that they were becoming less profitable due to â€Å"updated fee schedule and more aggressive health plan utilization management. † Physicians were also aligning themselves with hospitals and other larger practices. Small practices risked los ing a large share of their patient panels if they dropped out of health plan networks. The impact on the smaller, less prestigious hospitals/ healthcare systems were definitely negative, while the impact on larger, more prestigious hospitals/healthcare system seemed considerably more positive and beneficial. In regards to employers, according to the Massachusetts Health Care Reform Act (the Act), on July 1, 2007, Massachusetts employers with 11 or more full-time employees working in Massachusetts had three principal obligations. First, Massachusetts employers had to either make a â€Å"Fair and Reasonable Premium Contribution to heir employees’ health care premiums or make a contribution to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts of up to $295 per year per employee. Second, Massachusetts employers had to establish a cafeteria plan for their employees under Section 125 of the Internal Revenue Code. Finally, every employer was required to report whether the employer has offered to pay for-or to arrange for-health care insurance coverage and whether the employee has acc epted or declined it† (James, 2007). If employers did not comply, they would face hefty fines. A provision of the Act was the merger of the small group and individual or non-group insurance markets, which was designed to make premiums more affordable for individuals. Small group premiums actually increased by 2. 6%. â€Å"The premiums of small employers had increased substantially since the merger of the small group and individual health insurance markets† (case study). Employers who were merged into the small group and non-group market â€Å"felt the impact of rising premiums because they were now subsidizing individuals in that market† (case study). Large employers didn’t really feel any impact except for the hassle for complying with the reporting requirements. Smaller employers usually didn’t have the manpower to guide them through the Act’s requirements, which put them at a higher risk of not being compliant. Overall though, compliance became a lot more challenging and â€Å"annoying† for employers. Insurance providers are also â€Å"major† stakeholders in healthcare policy and decision-making. Though they can be very influential in the healthcare policy and law decision-making process, they also are probably the most vilified. In Massachutettes, health plans wanted to eliminate â€Å"continuous open enrollment, assess the full annual penalty for any significant period of continuous un-insurance, impose waiting periods for certain services and bar consumers from buying in the merged market if they had access to employer sponsored coverage† (case study). Doing these things, the insurance companies hoped to lower premiums. Bill 2585 did pass but the law did not go as far as the insurance companies had hoped. It only â€Å"limited open enrollment in the merged market to twice a year in 2011 and once a year after that† (case study), which didn’t really help much. Due to loss in the small market group in 2009, health plans â€Å"planned double digit premium increases in 2010† (case study), but the government stepped in and put a stop to it. Even though the big name hospitals were driving up cost, the insurance companies were seen as the bad guys. This caused local plans to â€Å"record sizable operating losses for the first quarter of 2010 and had to draw on reserves to cover expected losses resulting from the rate rollbacks† (case study). The insurance companies, especially the smaller ones, suffered financially. The most important stakeholder in the healthcare policymaking is probably the patient. In Massachusetts, the Act provided â€Å"nearly universal health insurance coverage† (case study). In 2009 the uninsured dropped from 8. 2% to 2. 7%. People who had previously been uninsured and had no way to get proper healthcare, could now do so. There were some issues though. According to the Act, â€Å"the youngest and healthiest could avoid being the merged risk pool by purchasing less expensive coverage in a separate young adult market or by remaining on their parent’s plan until they turn 26† (case study). This was good for those patients but for others, it was a big issue because it was causing premiums to increase. Freestanding, ambulatory centers were being sold to hospitals. This increased the rates paid for services delivered at these facilities. Patients who â€Å"were covered by employer-sponsored insurance can buy short-term policies so that they can get access to treatments which are not usually covered in their regular plans† (case study). This is known as jumping in and out. Jumping in and out of these short-term plans caused premiums for other patients to up, which was one of the big issues that health plans wanted to resolve. Policymakers also proposed provider rates or giving the state the authority to tie provider rate increases to medical inflation in order to contain cost but nothing really came of that. There are many stakeholders involved in healthcare reform in Massachusetts. These included patients, hospitals and health systems, employers and insurance providers. There are of course other stakeholders that are on a smaller scale, such as medical equipment providers, healthcare advertisers and so forth but we wanted to focus on the major ones. Works Cited: James, L. H. , ; Rebecca, F. A. (2007). The massachusetts health care reform act: What employers need to know. Employee Benefit Plan Review, 61(12), 17-19. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/216889767? accountid=10559. How to cite Stakeholders in Health Reform, Essay examples

Management Of Event Operations In Country †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Of Event Operations In Country? Answer: Introduction The following paper focuses on the topic of the event management of event operations in the country. It is extremely difficult to manage a major event in the country when a particular state or city has to handle the entire event. Many things have to be looked at when arranging the festival. In this context, event management of the Golden Plains Music Festival has to be discussed. It has to be noted that this festival is organized at Victoria in Australia (Knox 2017). Some important things have to be kept in mind before starting the preparation for the event. The Event Purpose Every event is arranged to achieve certain purposes that have been very integral for the organizers. This is one of the biggest music events in the country for which millions of people wait with eagerness (Wiseman, Macleod and Immersonal 2012). People wait with bated breath and the sale of tickets begins with a bang as soon as the promotion is showed through advertisements. This event is organized specially for the people who are ardent music lovers. They spend hundreds of dollars to watch this exquisite event. This time this show is going to be arranged to promote the all genres of music. These genres have been famous among many people. So, the organizers have felt that they should encourage this genre. It is noteworthy that they should look to promote this event through social media platforms and online ticket sales. As this is a cultural program, the people who love culture have to be welcomed by the hosts (White 2016). Theme of the event It has been long since the music lovers all over the world have been requesting the organizers to organize the Golden Plains Music Festival to be organized to pay the tribute to the soft rock genre of music (Gibson and Connell 2012). The theme that has been associated with this festival supposes that Victoria is a nirvana where a person is supposed to be who he is outside of his own inbox. The sister festival of this festival is the festival Meredith. Golden Plains Festival is supposed to be one of the beacon festivals for anyone who is remotely in his musical orbit of attractions (Gibson and Connell 2012). This year, the festival is going to be organized in memory of Jack Nolan on whose sheep farm the entire festival took place. The guests and the audience of this festival are much enthusiastic about music (Mair and Whitford 2013). As an attractive theme for the entire program, the blue color has been chosen as the theme color. This color should be planned to use on all merchandise that are connected with the program. The color of the tickets will be blue and uniforms that the organizers will wear have been fixed to be blue as well. This will help to keep uniformity between the people who are directly involved in this program and the supervisors as well. The posters will be painted on a blue background so this will lead to a terrific coloring effect. The expert professionals will be given the responsibility to decorate the entire venue of the program so beautifully that it becomes a splendor to the eye for the audience (Gibson and Connell 2012). The main themes of the festival can be designed in a one page leaflet. The entire design should be clean, simple, flat and designed professionally. These leaflets should be distributed among the people through newspapers and provide advertisements through online platforms. This should be well organized and made sure that they can be edited very easily. The people who can be contacted for any query should be listed there along with their phone numbers. Identification of the Event audience When an event like a big music festival is organized, some things should be taken under consideration that would set for the success of the festival (Salem, Jones and Morgan 2012). In this case of Golden Plains music festival, the target audiences have to be identified so that the preparations can be done according to that only. The music lovers of a certain group should be made the target people (Salem, Jones and Morgan 2012). There are no logos for the entire program and the ethos for the program will be a collective one as the visitors and the audiences are engaged to bring anything that they wish to. The only issue is that they should not ruin the ambience of the program. One of the most important factors in this issue is the thing that the best performers are cheered and saluted by the audience in the form a boot or the boots being held aloft the audience as a sign of respect (Salem, Jones and Morgan 2012). The event managers have to be alert about all the matters like the secur ity of the audience, success of the program, profit from the ticket sales and many others. All ages of music lovers are welcomed here. The organizers do not provide alcohol so the audience must bring the alcohol by themselves. The people above 18 can have alcohol in the Pink Flamingo Bar (Yeoman et al. 2012). Event timing and venue The entire event takes place at a private farmland in Victoria, a place from where Melbourne is 90 km away. As per the transportation is required, the audience has to come through private cars or trains (Matthews 2015). This event continues for three days. There are enough spaces for car parking and the seating capacity is well beyond 10000 people. Resources The artists for the festival should be booked long before and the contracts should be finalized, if possible advance money should be given. The event organizers should look to raise the profit money through advertisements and provide all sorts of comfort to the artist or the band. They should schedule their preparation programs as soon as the artist is confirmed (Matthews 2015). The venue is not an issue as it will take place in the farm land. The production and audience details should be looked at with minuteness. There should separate doors for entry and exit for the audience. Subject Cost Cost of decoration $ 5000 Sound and lighting $ 3000 Cost of labor $ 5500 Logistical setting up $ 4500 Food and beverages $ 5600 Safety $ 4800 Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying that Golden Plains music festival is an extremely famous music festival in Australia and it attracts hundreds of thousands of people. The audiences are very enthusiastic to go there and enjoy those three days. The entire event has to managed properly by looking at different aspects and the audiences have to be kept safe and the organizers should maintain lots of strict measures to make the program successful. References Gibson, C. and Connell, J., 2012.Music festivals and regional development in Australia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Knox, J., 2017. The 2nd OtherFilm Festival.Explorer, (83). Mair, J. and Whitford, M., 2013. An exploration of events research: event topics, themes and emerging trends.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,4(1), pp.6-30. Matthews, D., 2015.Special event production: The resources. Routledge. Salem, G., Jones, E. and Morgan, N., 2012. An overview of events management.Festival and Events Management, p.14. White, A.L. ed., 2016.Lost in music: Culture, style and the musical event(Vol. 5). Routledge. Wiseman, J.A. and Macleod, S.G., Immersonal, Inc., 2012.Event planning and management system. U.S. Patent Application 13/413,520. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. eds., 2012.Festival and events management. Routledge.

Principles of Personal Responsibilities and Working in a Business Environment free essay sample

An employment contract is a very important document. It spells out the key things you can expect from your employer and what your employer expects from you. Once you’ve worked for your employer for two months, you have the legal right to receive details of your terms and conditions of employment in writing. This information may come in a letter or a formal contract of employment. Alternatively, you may get a document outlining the main terms of employment, with signposts to where you can find other essential information. Key legislation Whats covered? Virtually every aspect of your employment is covered by law. In the UK, the law applies to businesses and organisations of all sizes and in all sectors. There are four main areas covered by legislation: 1. Health and safety 2. Employment rights and responsibilities 3. Pay and pensions 4. Data protection. Sector specific legislation Legislation applies to all businesses and organisations. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Personal Responsibilities and Working in a Business Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They must find out which laws / regulations apply to them so they can follow these laws correctly. They should also ensure that each employee knows the law and how it relates to his or her job role. If a business claimed they did not know the law, it would be no defence if they got into trouble for not following the law. In many organisations, employees are told all about general and industry-specific laws during the induction process. Specific laws and regulations apply to areas such as food safety, employment agencies, private security industries and many more. The importance of legislation Why have laws? Laws are created in business to protect employers, employees, customers and third parties. If laws didn’t exist, people would be unprotected and things may get out of control. There would be no clear way to resolve differences or difficulties. Laws help businesses to have rules of conduct that apply to all relevant parties. Other methods can also be used to resolve differences of opinion or behaviour that break these rules – such as courts / tribunals. Courts use an objective, evidence-based approach to solve problems to do with breaking the law, rather than using force or power to resolve an issue. Be informed! Sources of information You can find useful information about employment rights and responsibilities in many different places! Some sources of information may be found within an organisation (known as internal sources) while other sources are found outside the organisation (known as external sources). Internal sources of information may include: * Line managers * Personnel specialists * Informed colleagues * Staff association representatives * Trade union representatives * Books and documents held within the organisation. People often assume that all employees in the workplace are the same. However, when you think about this in more detail, its obvious that a huge amount of differences (or diversity) can exist in a workplace. A few categories of diversity can be seen on the right of this page! At times, differences are treated with suspicion or they are resisted. However, diversity can add real value to an organisation and should be seen as a positive thing. Equality Equal rights for all In all organisations, its important that all employees are treated in an equally fair way and are given equal opportunities. Also, people doing the same job equally well should be rewarded fairly. There is a moral and legal obligation to treat people on their merits and their ability to do the job. Both employers and employees should make sure that inappropriate labelling, stereotyping and prejudice do not influence the way an organisation operates. Being sensitive to others Politeness and respect To be sensitive to others, there are some simple steps to follow! 1. Be aware of judgements you make about others. Are you prejudiced or prone to pre-judge other people? Are you likely to generalise about (stereotype) a category of people? 2. Focus on the actual person and not the ‘label’ that may be put on them. 3. Always look for the positive attributes people may bring to a situation. 4. Be willing to learn about people ‘who are different’. 5. Recognise that some differences of opinion will exist. As long as these do not interfere with work, then the differences should be tolerated. If differences interfere with work, then they need to be discussed and addressed in a civil manner. 6. Be polite, patient and treat people with the respect that you would expect. What are the benefits? Equality and diversity Before we end the Session, have a go at this Activity and think about the benefits of equality and diversity procedures. Activity Business A always chooses people from the same family for its senior management jobs. Some of the original managers employed from this family were very competent. However, others have proven less capable. Business B always employs the person with the best skills and competences. Factors such as family ties, race, gender, etc are of little importance compared with ability. Health and safety Staying safe at work All employers and employees have a legal duty to ensure that working environments are safe and secure. One of the most important pieces of legislation is the Health and Safety at Work Act etc 1974. Most other health and safety regulations are based on this Act or are linked to it in some way. The Health and Safety at Work Act states that everyone has a responsibility for health and safety in the workplace. Under this Act, employers must ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees (and any other people who may be affected by the work they do). Legislation More on legislation In addition to generic legislation such as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, there may also be specific legislation that covers your job role. We cant cover every industry and job role in this course. However, to illustrate an example, (and because youre doing an online course), lets look at some of the legislation that applies when you are working with Information Technology (IT). Then you can find out about Working Time Regulations! Security and confidentiality The legalities There are several Acts of Parliament relating to security and confidentiality, as well as many legal cases on the subject. Two of the most important Acts are summarised below: The Data Protection Act 1998 This Act requires all organisations that process data on individuals to be listed in the register of data controllers. In the Act, data refers to information recorded or processed by computer and information that is part of a relevant filing system or forms part of an accessible record (like health records) Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended) This legislation limits what can be done with information originated elsewhere. This is to protect the rights of people who create original work. The law applies to books, computer programs, artistic work and songs. Why follow procedures? Having a framework in place By having health, safety and security procedures, an organisation has a framework for making sure that the business environment is a healthy, safe and secure place for everyone. These procedures should clarify who is responsible for what. Care should also be taken to ensure that people are informed and trained in a way that makes a safer environment more achievable. Take a look at the list below and see some key reasons for following health, safety and security procedures. Legal * Organisational rules * Moral * Economic. Legal In this Session, you have learned that there are many laws relating to the creation of safe and secure business environments. To comply with the law, an organisation must undertake specific actions and people must follow specified procedures. A failure to follow procedures may mean that the law is being broken. This can result in reprimands, fines, closures and even prison sentences. Organisational rules Each organisation will have procedures for staff to follow. Many of these will be determined by legal requirements. If staff or management fail to follow these procedures, they are likely to be subject to organisational grievance / disciplinary procedures. Ultimately, these can result in people being dismissed. These actions do not rule out further legal action. Moral An organisation’s health, safety and security procedures are created to ensure that people do not come to any harm. If procedures are not followed, people inside or outside the organisation may suffer in some way. For this reason, employers and employees have a moral obligation to do the right thing and follow procedures. In this way, harm may be minimised. Economic Some of the main economic consequences for failing to follow appropriate health, safety and security procedures include: Fines for breaking the law Key business processes or the whole organisation being shut down due to problems Compensation payments to staff, customers or others Increased costs of trying to attract and keep good quality staff in an organisation where harm has occurred Loss of customers who are aware of the health, safety or security problems of an organisation. If a worker in a factory has an accident, the factory may be fined, closed until things are put right and could even lose customers. These are all economic consequences of not following procedures. Are you secure? Why have a security system? Security systems are put in place to protect buildings, equipment, staff, personal possessions and information. Maintaining security and confidentiality Some of the key reasons for maintaining security and confidentiality are to: * Prevent buildings from being entered by unauthorised people and from being vandalised * Minimise burglaries and thefts (possessions / information) * Protect staff from personal attack or assault * Protect computer systems from hackers / viruses Keep plans and commercially sensitive materials secret * Meet legal responsibilities (such as data protection principles). Organisations must follow health, safety and security procedures. Failure to do so may result in dire consequences for an organisation. On the other hand, if employees, customers and others can see that an organisation works hard to look after peoples wellbeing, then the organisation will be held in high esteem as a caring and professional organisation. This is why employers and employees should take this subject very seriously. You dont have the authority to make such a decision but at the same time you cant opt to do nothing at all. In this instance you should bring it to the attention of an appropriate manager. Get help An important piece of machinery breaks down, which means that half of the workforce has little to do and there is a continuing build-up of part-finished products. The machine needs to be repaired and the whole production line needs to be organised as efficiently as possible. This is the job of a manager and is not your problem.

The Shocking Aspects of Theater in Ancient Rome

The Shocking Aspects of Theater in Ancient Rome Roman theater began before Roman culture began to emulate the Greeks. However, very little is known of early theater produced by Etruscans and other ancient cultures. The Roman plays that live on in written form were produced in Greek-style amphitheaters, and many of the plays were essentially rewritten versions of Greek stories. In ancient Greece, plays were unlikely to contain graphic violence or sexuality, but the opposite was true in Rome. The Roman Theater and Violence The Roman public loved a good spectacle. They loved to watch combat and admired blood sports and gladiator competition. As a result, there was plenty of gore in most Roman theater. Roman audiences also preferred less subtlety than the Greeks when it came to sexuality on stage. In fact, according to  the book Living Theater by Edwin Wilson, one Roman emperor ordered an entire troupe of mimes to engage in actual intercourse on stage. The fact that this event was recorded for posterity suggests that it wasnt the norm, but it may not have been an isolated event. Famous Roman Playwrights Fewer plays were written in ancient Rome than in Greece. Many of those that were written seemed to be retreads  of old Greek myths (transplanted with the very similar Roman Gods). Perhaps the noted exception to this rule would be the domestic comedies of Plautus and Terence. And of course, Seneca - perhaps Romes best-known tragedian. There were hundreds more playwrights besides the three mentioned below. The Roman Republic and its subsequent empire greatly enjoyed the arts and entertainment. However, while there were many playwrights in ancient Rome, only a small percentage of their works  have survived the passage of time. Plautus If you have ever seen Stephen Sondheims A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, then you have experienced a taste, albeit with a corny 1960s flavor, of the Roman comedy master Plautus. A founder of the comedic theater, he created over a hundred plays in his remarkable career, many of which lampooned iconic figures within Roman society: the soldier, the politician, the clever slave, the philandering husband, and the wise but nagging wife. Terence Terences life story is an ancient tale of rags to riches. Terence was the slave of a Roman senator. Apparently, his master was so impressed with young Terences intellect that he released him from his service and even funded Terences education. During his adult years, Terence crafted comedies which were primarily Roman-style adaptations of Greek plays by Hellenistic writers, such as Menander. Seneca In addition to being a playwright, Lucius Annaeus Seneca was a lawyer and a Roman senator. He witnessed some of the darkest days of Romes empire, as he served under the sadistic Emperor Caligula. The next emperor in line, Claudius, banished Seneca, sending him away from Rome for over eight years. After returning from exile, Seneca became the advisor to the infamous Emperor Nero.  According to dramaturg William S. Turney, Nero ordered the assassination of his own mother and then commissioned Seneca to write a speech that excused Neros crimes. During the playwrights lifetime, he wrote tragedies, many of them re-inventions of Greek myths of decadence and self-destruction. For example, his play Phaedra details the sensual depravity of Theseus lonely wife who lusts after her step-son, Hippolytus. Seneca also adapted the Greek myth of Thyestes, a sordid tale of adultery, fratricide, incest, and cannibalism, with enough carnage to make even modern audiences cringe. Seneca retired from public life assuming that he might spend his elder years writing and relaxing, but the suspicious Nero ordered Seneca to commit suicide. Seneca complied, slashing his wrists and arms, slowly bleeding out. Apparently, it was too slow, because according to the ancient historian Tacitus, Seneca called for poison, and when that failed him, he was placed in a hot bath to be suffocated by the steam. Source Wilson, Edwin. Living Theatre: A History of Theatre. Alvin Goldfarb President, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, January 10, 2011.

Applications for Canadian Permanent Resident Cards

Applications for Canadian Permanent Resident Cards Updated: 08/12/07 Who Should Apply for a Canadian Permanent Resident Card Canadian immigrants with permanent resident status who arrived in Canada before June 28, 2002 should apply for a Permanent Resident Card. The card replaces the IMM 1000 document. After December 31, 2003 all Canadian permanent residents, including children, returning to Canada by commercial vehicle (plane, boat, train or bus) must use the new card to prove their permanent resident status. Permanent Resident Cards are generally issued for five years, or in exceptional circumstances for one year. Permanent residents who plan to travel overseas should obtain a Permanent Resident Card before their departure. You should apply for a Permanent Resident Card at least two months before your departure. Processing times may vary, so check current processing times provided by Canada Citizenship and Immigration and adjust accordingly. Immigrants who became Canadian permanent residents on or after June 28, 2002 do not need to apply for a Permanent Resident Card. A Permanent Resident Card should have been mailed to you automatically. If you did not provide a mailing address to the Canada Border Services Agency when you entered Canada, you should do so as soon as possible. You must provide your mailing address within 180 days of entering Canada, or you will have to apply for a Permanent Resident Card and pay the appropriate fee. You can provide your mailing address online or by contacting the Permanent Resident Card Call Centre. Renewal of Permanent Resident Cards Since Permanent Resident Cards are issued for five years, or in some cases one year, permanent residents should check the expiry date on their PR Card if they plan to travel outside Canada. Five-year permanent resident cards began expiring in July 2007. Be sure to apply for a new Permanent Resident Card at least two months before you plan to leave the country. Permanent Resident Card Application Kits and Forms You can download the Permanent Resident Card application kit and forms from the Citizenship and Immigration Canada site. The forms must be completed, signed and mailed to the address given on the form. Detailed instructions on completing the form and the documents required to be included with the form are given in the application guide that comes with the kit. If you wish to have a printed application kit mailed to you, you can call the Permanent Resident Call Centre at 1-888-242-2100. Kits can only be sent to addresses in Canada. Allow at least two weeks for delivery. Application Fees for Permanent Resident Cards The fee for processing a Permanent Resident Card application is $50.00. Fees are subject to change. There are two ways to pay the application fee. Pay onlinePay your fee at a financial institution in Canada. To pay the fee, you must complete an original of the Fees Receipt Form IMM 5401, and take it to a financial institution with your payment. The bank will stamp the receipt form. You then attach the middle portion (Copy 2) to your Permanent Resident Card application. The fee is not refundable. Urgent Cases If you plan to travel outside Canada and do not think you will have time to get a Permanent Resident Card before you leave Canada, Citizenship and Immigration Canada may be able to process your application on an urgent basis. Check Information Regarding Urgent Cases to find out how to request that your application be processed on an urgent basis. Permanent residents wanting to return to Canada who do not have a Permanent Resident Card may contact the nearest Canadian visa office to obtain a limited use travel document to re-enter Canada at a cost of $50 each. You can download the application for a travel document (permanent resident abroad) online. Check the Status of Your Permanent Resident Card Application To check on the status of your Permanent Resident Card application, you can use the Canadian Immigration Client Application Status tool. Please note that the status of your application will not show in the Client Application Status tool until Citizenship and Immigration Canada has begun processing your application. To find out how long it may take to process your application, check the current processing times. There is no point in checking on the status of your application unless the specified processing time has passed. Questions About Your Permanent Resident Card Application If you have questions about your Permanent Resident Card Application, contact the Citizenship and Immigration Canada Call Centre if you are in Canada, or your local visa office if you are outside Canada.

Comparison between Classical and Romantic Periods in Western Music Essay

Comparison between Classical and Romantic Periods in Western Music - Essay Example The movement was minimal as people performed and danced to the music. In contrast, during the romantic music period, both the performers and the dancers to the music became more physically involved in the music. More energy was used in playing the musical instruments and to dance to the music. Another major difference between the two periods is that, during the romantic period, music stressed strong emotions as opposed to music during the classic period. Music during the classical period did not portray deep emotions. About harmony, minor tones provided the music framework during the classical music period. Music composers wanted to have more control over their songs. The figured bass was not used during the classical music period. Amateur musicians were incapable of improvising from the bass. On the other hand, harmony during the romantic music period was expanded. Color and chromatic harmonies were added to the music. The performing mediums used during the classical music period were not as sophisticated as the accompaniments used during the romantic music period. They were, for example, made of wood and strings and were easy to operate as accompaniments to the music. During the romantic music period, accompaniments got more sophisticated. They included pianos and other digital equipment which were not easy to operate.  

Robots Replaces Humans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robots Replaces Humans - Research Paper Example The technology in robots may be traced back in the Industrial Revolution when mathematics, engineering and science was in flower in England that provided the basic groundwork of robotics. Among the prominent scientist during that time who contributed to the development of robots was Charles Babbage who developed the foundation of computer science and his two uncompleted project, difference and analystical engine. Although these projects were not completed, they laid out the basic framework for mechanical calculations necessary for robots to function (Thomasnet 2013). Robots as we know them today however was not yet recognized nor had such name during this time. The concepts about robots however already proliferated during the Industrial Revolution but its realization has to come decades later because the technology were not yet available then. Until in 1920, Karel Capek published his play entitled Rossum’s Universal Robots where the word robot was first used. The word robot came from an old Slavic word that meant â€Å"servitude, monotonous or forced labor†. From the use of â€Å"robot† in Karel Capek’s play begun the usage of the word that refers to mechanical devices that replaces human functions. It was however in 1927 that the first actual robot was made in the United States called Televoc which operated through the telephone system. Japan followed suit in 1928 and created Japan’s first robot named Gakutensoku. Robot became a formal science in 1941 when  Isaac Asimov  formulated the  Three Laws of Robotics, which formally gave the name of robot creation as robotics (1950). The first few models of robots that used modern available technology begun in the 1950’s however which George Devol designed a robotic arm device named Unimate which was intended for industrial use. Unimate function then was to transport die castings in General Motors plant in New Jersey. Seeing the viability of robots particular in industrial manufacturing, a company